Science Fiction

Jules Verne, a French science fiction writer, anticipated many aspects of 20th-century technology in his popular novels. The concept of a powered sub marine was popularized by his Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea (1870), and several peculiarities of space travel, notably weightlessness, are first mentioned in from the Earth to the Moon (1865).

Jules Verne (b. Feb. 8, 1828. d. Mar. 24, 1905), almost single-hand-idly invented science fiction. He was educated in law but soon devoted himself to writing for the stage.

The publication of Five Weeks in a Balloon (1863.Eng trans, 1869) revealed his talent for stories of imaginary journey. Verne had the ability to popularized science and created fantasies depicting journeys to the center oh the earth, to the moon by rocket ship, and through the ocean by submarine; some of these tales have proved remarkably prophetic.

His creations have inspired filmmakers; Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The sea (1870; Eng trans., 1873) the story of the diabolical Captain Nemo and his Submarine, and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873; Eng. trans., 1873) became successful movies in 1954 and 1956, respectively.

The second of these works concerns Phileas Fogg, who, with his servant passé partout, wagers that he can make what seemed in 1873 an impossibly fast journey. Mixing humor, adventure, and scientific discovery, it is probably Verne’s best-loved work.

Triploid Atlantic Solomon in Scotland

Presented at Atlantic Canada Workshop on Methods for the Production of non-maturing Salmon.

The chronological development of the means of production of all-female, all-triploid Atlantic salmon stocks in Scotland using pressure is reviewed.

Their relative performance in both fresh and salt water is described. Triploids perform similarly in fresh water to diploids. In sea water, Triploids grow less well for weight on length than maturing salmon, but in similar manner to non maturing fish. Because they continue to grow steadily in length throughout their lives, they tend to have characteristically long and lean appearance and are more like wild animals in their length-weight relationship.

The existing information on the reproductive potential of Atlantic Salmon female Triploids is presented. Triploid, all-female stock will be of benefit both for commercial reasons and because they will minimize the effects of genetic transfer that might otherwise occur via accidental releases of farmed animals.

Science Theory

Science may be broadly defined as the development and systematization of positive knowledge about the physical universe. The history of science, then, is the description and explanation of the development of that knowledge. Science is generally viewed as a cumulative and progressive activity by its nature. Such views, however, have profound philosophical implications, and in fact the effort to define the nature of science as in itself part of the history of philosophy.

Early Philosophical Theories about Science
Philosophers of the late Renaissance were optimistic about humanity's ability to understand and control the natural world. During the 17th century, the era of Galileo. William Harvey, Issac Newton, and Robert Boyle, scientists and philosophers alike were convinced that with the help of the newly discovered scientific method modern of their Greek and medieval predecessors. Disagreement existed, however, as to the details of the correct scientific method.

Rationalism
In this Discourse on Method (1637), Rene Descartes asserted that all theoretical science should be like Euclidean geometry. A science such as physics should be based on first principles comparable to the axioms of geometry, which were discovered and validated through the systematic analysis of intuitive ideas. Descartes thought, for example, that the use of reason alone. This view, that science can be based on principles that are revealed through introspection, is called rationalism (from the Latin ratio, "reason").

As objection to the rationalist approach to science is that peoples intuition about fundamental scientific proposition do not always agree. Furthermore, especially in the social sciences, trying to base scientific principles on introspection alone has led to social injustice as well as to scientific stagnation.

Science Education

Science may be broadly defined as the development and systematization of positive knowledge about the physical universe. The history of science, then, is the description and explanation of the development of that knowledge. Science is generally viewed as cumulative and progressive activity by its nature. Such view, however, here profound philosophical implications, and in fact the effort to define the nature of science is in itself part of the history of philosophy.

Education

The aim of education in science is to develop an understanding both of the content of science and of the methods or process by which that voting considerable time to hands-on activities or laboratory work. An increasingly important goal of science education is an understanding of the interactions between science and technology and society.

In United States formal education in science began in the 19^th century stimulated during the industrial revolution. The first organized science program at the elementary level appeared in the 1870s, and Harvard College, soon followed by other institutions, first accepted high school science courses for entrance in 1872.

Science instructions is offered at each grade level in elementary schools. Heavy emphasis is placed on biological science, but physical science is also included in the curriculum. Approximately 1 hour per week in grades 4 to 6 are devoted to the study of science. These figures for science instruction have remained fairly constant in recent decades.